To do this programmatically you will need to manipulate the column display attributes on the Everyone group. The [XmlColumnDisplay]Data attribute contains an xml document that describes the column layout for each folder. If you set it on the Everyone group, users will grab the defaults for each folder from there. See my comment in this post for details on the xml format. You can also set the columns in the LF Client or WA and view your user attributes in the admin console to get an idea of how the xml is formatted.

When a new folder is created, you will retrieve the xml from the Everyone group, modify it to add the column layout for the new folder, and save it back to the Everyone group attributes.