You can accomplish this through the UI or through directly modifying user attributes. To do it through the UI, open up the Client and in the options, enable unique folder columns. This will give you the attribute [Settings]UniqueFolderColumns set to True (or just manually add this attribute).
Once this is done, columns will be set and shown for each individual folder in your repository. If you don't set a column layout on a specific folder, it will adopt it from the closest parent folder. So once that attribute is set to true, set up the root folder to a default column layout and then you can modify the layouts on whichever individual folders you choose. When you are done setting the columns, sign out of the client and go to the Administration console to the user you logged in with. In the attributes, look for [XMLColumnDisplay]Data and it should automatically write the xml for you. From there, you can copy and paste the information from both the UniqueFolderColumns attribute and the Data attribute to the everyone group.
If you want to just code in the attribute, I left an example below. The top parts define a few different column layouts (you can customize as many as you would like), and the bottom part assigns each layout to specific folders. The allfolders layout is used if you don't have UniqueFolderColumns enabled, and the folder id section is used when you do.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<columndisplay generatedby="Laserfiche Client 9.2.1.562">
<layouts>
<layout id="1">
<columns>
<column Type="System" ColCode="N" Width="202" SortPriority="1" SortOrder="A"/>
<column Type="System" ColCode="C" Width="162"/>
<column Type="System" ColCode="L" Width="153"/>
<column Type="System" ColCode="X" Width="175"/>
<column Type="System" ColCode="P" Width="75"/>
<column Type="System" ColCode="T" Width="175"/>
</columns>
</layout>
<layout id="2">
<columns>
<column Type="System" ColCode="N" Width="414"/>
<column Type="System" ColCode="X" Width="91"/>
</columns>
</layout>
<layout id="4">
<columns>
<column ColCode="N" SortOrder="A" SortPriority="1" Type="System" Width="202"/>
<column ColCode="X" Type="System" Width="175"/>
</columns>
</layout>
</layouts>
<allfolders layoutid="1"/>
<search layoutid="2"/>
<folders>
<folder id="1" layoutid="1"/>
<folder id="679" layoutid="4"/>
</folders></columndisplay>