APPROVED ANSWER
replied on January 23, 2015
Hi Bryce,
In Kelsey's post that Barry linked to, it's stated that there isn't a way to prevent a user from applying a template during new document creation if they have the ability to read the fields in that template. Also, if a document has another template and the user in question has the ability to change templates on that document, then the user would be able to change to the new template that you are wanting this restriction on.
With that being said though, when the user does apply the template, they wouldn't be able to set any field values at all since they'd only had the read right on the fields. Kelsey suggested using something like Workflow to handle the cases where these users may have accidentally applied this template to an entry.
And just for clarification, once that template has been applied to an entry, the user would not be able to change the template or edit any of its field values.
Regards