Yes, you can retain metadata for records that have been destroyed. You can set that function when defining a Retention Schedule in the Administration Console (see item 11. on this page in the Admin Guide).

As for viewing what retention schedule was followed for a destroyed record, that information will always be available in the audit logs viewable through Audit Trail. Additionally, if you do have metadata retained after destruction you'll be able to view the retention information in the record properties menu for the destroyed entry.