I don't think you'd be able to do this directly in SQL.
The database contains all the information about what is in the repository and where to find it in the volumes, but it doesn't do the actual work of accessing the info in the volumes, so it wouldn't have a way to identify missing information in the volume.
However, I believe that Laserfiche has a tool to address exactly this kind of issue: https://www.laserfiche.com/solutionexchange/volume-consistency-checker
I haven't used it myself, so I cannot comment on it's functionality and usage, but I've seen it referenced on other Answers posts in the past.
Updated to Add: According to a response on this post: https://answers.laserfiche.com/questions/145210/Volume-Consistency-Checker-Update the tool isn't updated for newer versions and you need to reach out to Tech Support to request access to their updated "Repository Consistency Checker" tool.