You can make it work in Javascript, by mimicking what the default functionality does.

This script assumes your checkbox has a CSS Class of myCheckbox, and that it has three options with values of choice_1, choice_2, and choice_3 (the defaults it populates with when you create the field).

$(document).ready(function () {
         
  $('.myCheckbox input[value="choice_1"]').parent().find('label').after('<span class="cf-tooltip" appendix="choice 1 helptip text" style>(?)</span>');
  $('.myCheckbox input[value="choice_2"]').parent().find('label').after('<span class="cf-tooltip" appendix="choice 2 helptip text" style>(?)</span>');
  $('.myCheckbox input[value="choice_3"]').parent().find('label').after('<span class="cf-tooltip" appendix="choice 3 helptip text" style>(?)</span>');
 
}); 

Here's a screenshot with the mouse hovering over the helptip on choice 2.

Thanks