Hi John, 

This sounds like a great use case for a workflow. If you want to grab all of the values, you can use the Query Data activity, which is very similar to the Update Data you're familiar with. If you don't put any query criteria, it'll bring back all the rows in your table. You can confirm this by clicking "Test Query..." below the query criteria.

The Query Data activity returns the information in a format that's simple to use with a Table Merge in the Update Word Document activity. If your document already has a table set up, you can map in the values by selecting the results from your Query Data activity as the "Source Data File" when choosing Table Field Merge. Then, you'll be able to click into the "Value" column on the screen and choose from a drop-down of the columns in your table to map things in. In this screenshot, my table is named "MyTable" and I've used the "Import field names from document..." button to grab the merge fields from my Word document. 

After that, you'll just need to send it out via email as a file attachment. There's a pretty thorough whitepaper on using Workflow to update word documents, which you can find here for additional details! (Check out page 11 for table field merge specifically.)