Hi Bill, that is a great question!

I just finished working on our Expense report which originated from Excel as well and perhaps I can offer you some ideas.

A. You can make this into the first section of the form, even more so if you already have most of this information in a database you can setup Lookup rules to make the form easier to complete - even if they have to have 2 or more fields correct to get the rest of the information to automatically populate it, it is worth it!
I assume that the Active and Negative Cases can only have one selected - you can use Buttons in that case (or if you need input since that is slightly easier to call if you need any scripts then use Dropdown).
B.-I. All of these should be checkboxes if you allow multiple problems to be selected. Then you will want to configure the K section for that item to be required and visible only if marked by using "Field Rules" to show and hide. It might be easier to setup the individual K section as a multi-line field after each section and for each problem. This is a lot of configuration but it will make your form be easier to read since the explanation would be right under the selected problem.
You can even play with CSS and highlight sections for more consistent view of each problem.

The great things about Forms is that you can even add file upload fields if you need supporting documentation for any problem listed.

Once done you can build reports using workflow or all kinds of other system integrations to prevent manual data entry.

Hope that helps!