Without seeing your process, I can guess that you have 2 different things going on.
1. I'll bet you have a lookup rule that fills in 5 values within your table. Each of these values will fill in an input element, and then trigger a change event for it. This would explain 5 of the change events.
2. If you added the "table" CSS class to your table, it actually gets added to the DOM in 2 places. As the change events are triggered, they "bubble up" the DOM and trigger change events at each level. The event handler you created is a delegated event handler which gets attached to both of these elements, and then each change event gets processed twice. So 5x2 events = 10 total.
The way I see it, you have 2 choices. You can make your event handler selectors more specific, or you can try to implement the new custom javascript events used in Forms 10.2 or newer.
To do the first option, I would recommend adding a class to a single field within your lookup rule, and then modify your statement to be something like $('.table tbody').on('change', '.triggerfield input', function). The tbody addresses problem #2, and the .triggerfield class addresses problem #1.
To do the second option, check this post for the syntax of the custom event handler events...